Through a field called geometric topology, mathematicians like me study all possible spaces in all dimensions. Whether trying ...

An invisible force has long eluded detection within the halls of the world’s most famous particle accelerator—until now.

During the early stages of life, organs do not just appear in their final form. They take shape through a process of controlled bending, twisting, and folding. These changes help cells organize ...

Italian researchers have created a novel 4D-printed biodegradable soft robot shaped like a seed that changes shape in response to changes in humidity and can navigate through the soil. The device ...

Shape-Shifting Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration In contrast to traditional tissue engineering materials, 4D printed materials can adapt to the constantly changing needs of the living body.

4D-printed shape-memory polymers adapt to stimuli, promising advances in aerospace, healthcare, and fashion with evolving AM techniques.

4D Shapes, 4D Chess and 4D Mazes!? Take a deep dive into the world of Four Dimensions, with more control than ever before!

Shape memory polymers are a fascinating field of polymer research. Such materials have a wide range of uses, including pharmaceutical, commercial, aerospace, textile products, and other industries.

4D bioprinting of shape-morphing tissues within granular support hydrogels. (CREDIT: Advanced Functional Materials) One of the most powerful parts of the study was the ability to program movement.

This article explores how 4D printing uses biomaterials to create shape-shifting medical devices, adaptive tissue scaffolds and targeted drug delivery systems.