Through a field called geometric topology, mathematicians like me study all possible spaces in all dimensions. Whether trying ...

During the early stages of life, organs do not just appear in their final form. They take shape through a process of controlled bending, twisting, and folding. These changes help cells organize ...

An invisible force has long eluded detection within the halls of the world’s most famous particle accelerator—until now.

Using a new technique known as 4D printing, researchers can print out dynamic 3D structures capable of changing their shapes over time. Such 4D-printed items could one day be used in everything ...

By mimicking the way orchids, calla lilies and other plants bend and twist, scientists have created shape-shifting "4D-printed" structures that they say could one day help heal wounds and be used ...

Here comes 4D: Shape-shifting objects that fold themselves up and change over time are created using a printer. The technique uses a 'hydrogel ink' that swells when it is added to water; ...

New 4D bioprinting lets tissues change shape and grow stronger, bringing science closer to real, working lab-grown organs. (CREDIT: Adobe Stock) During the early stages of life, organs do not just ...

Italian researchers have created a novel 4D-printed biodegradable soft robot shaped like a seed that changes shape in response to changes in humidity and can navigate through the soil.

These shape-shifting materials are not just for architectural design. In recent years, 4D printing has become a transformative technology in the biomedical field, offering the potential to create ...

Examples of 4D printing have included simple self-assembling bodies that fold together when baked, polymers that bend into shape in response to water, heat or pressure, and smart strands inspired ...