Women aged 40 years and older have a 50% greater risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) vs men in the same age group, according to study findings published in BMJ Open Respiratory ...

Background To identify important parameters for targeted smoking intervention strategies, we examined smoking initiation, ...

Mean field reinforcement learning (MFRL) addresses the problem of dimensional explosion for large-scale multiagent systems. However, MFRL averages the actions of neighbors equally while discarding the ...

The study proposed an L2-weighted K-mean clustering algorithm in which the mean is computed from transformed weighted feature space. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed L2-weighted K-mean ...

Collaboration is taking over the workplace. According to data collected by the authors over the past two decades, the time spent by managers and employees in collaborative activities has ballooned ...

Meteorologists are sounding the alarm after a federal agency announced sweeping cuts to programs and technology that help forecast and study severe weather—including shutting down the National ...

Azathioprine is a drug that suppresses the immune system. This review includes three trials with a total of 81 patients. Forty patients were given azathioprine and forty-one were given placebo.

PSMD is a robust, fully-automated and easy-to-implement marker for cerebral small vessel disease based on diffusion tensor imaging, white matter tract skeletonization (as implemented in FSL-TBSS) and ...

Mean and standard deviation are frequently used measures of central tendency and variability in data from scale variables. If data are not normally distributed, some researchers prefer reporting ...