Abstract: Describes a closed-loop functional neuromuscular stimulation system that uses afferent neural activity from muscle spindle fibers as feedback for controlling position of the ankle joint.

Negative feedback loops (NFLs) located downstream in cellular signaling pathways, near gene expression control, exhibit strong resistance to evolutionary change, maintaining stability in gene ...

In this paper, closed-loop control and boundary condition for continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode of nonisolated inverting N× multilevel boost converter (MBC) are articulated.