In this paper, two PID conventional controllers of an Electronic Throttle Valve (ETV), based observers, are developed to estimate the opening angle of the electronic throttle, to compensate unexpected ...

Craft a delicate butterfly keychain using pearls for a soft, elegant finish. This DIY accessory idea combines beading with simple assembly to create a miniature piece of wearable art—perfect for ...

Within the prior 24 months, I have had a financial relationship with a company producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients: Receive the the ...

A throttle valve, of which the flow characteristics is one of the important factors, is a typical hydraulic element for controlling pressure or flow in hydraulic actuation systems. This paper ...