The general layout of the motorcycle hasn’t changed much throughout history. There’s an engine or electric motor bolted to ...

These Mercedes AMG and BMW M models combine style, clout, and grace and are the best the two German brands have had to offer ...

In this paper, two PID conventional controllers of an Electronic Throttle Valve (ETV), based observers, are developed to estimate the opening angle of the electronic throttle, to compensate unexpected ...

A throttle valve, of which the flow characteristics is one of the important factors, is a typical hydraulic element for controlling pressure or flow in hydraulic actuation systems. This paper ...