First some background. Vector calculus is the branch of mathematics that deals with the differentiation and integration of vector fields. The reason it is so important in physics is that more or ...

Here, we adapt this raster/vector concept to a 2D colloidal system and realize ‘vector assembly’ by manipulating particles on a colloidal monolayer substrate with optical tweezers.

In electromagnetism, the vector potential generates magnetic fields through its spatial variation and electric fields through its time dependence. Now, it is demonstrated that, by engineering a ...

They revealed a surprisingly simple way of measuring the energy ... When subjected to low temperatures and an external magnetic field, ... 2D materials play a key role in materials research ...