The reflection, transmission, and near and far-end crosstalks are now clearly seen. (a) Magnitude of S parameters (b) PSpice Laplace model (c) Transient simulation. Figure 5 — Measured 4-port S ...

The ground gain is simply 1 ­ Signal gain. In summary, K9analysis provides a simple procedure for obtaining a gain formula by using Impedance and a SFG. This eliminates a lot of Math and Circuit ...