First, we built a universal, single-gene NOR logic gate; ... A total of 12 Kinefold simulations were run for each candidate sequence and agglomerated to generate average folding trace data.

The team was also able to create logic gates that calculate in sequence. The trick here is to make the output from the first gate a new DNA string that can be used as the input for a second gate ...

The sequence generator circuit of Figure 1 implements this truth table. It employs a CMOS binary up/down counter (U1, CD4516) to produce the necessary pattern.