Surface defect detection is one of the most important vision-based measurements (VBMs) for intelligent manufacturing. Existing detection methods mainly require massive numbers of defect samples to ...

The global distribution automation market size was US$ 9.1 billion in 2021. The global distribution automation market is forecast to grow to US$ 16.9 billion by 2030 by registering a compound annual ...

The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution describes the probability distribution of molecular speeds in a sample of an ideal gas.

We start from the fundamental concept of empirical risk minimization and theoretically derive a solution for adjusting the distribution skewness using sample weights. To determine sample weights, we ...