This article presents a four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM4) quarter-rate clock and data recovery circuit (CDR). A quarter-rate linear phase detector (QLPD) is proposed to reduce the recovered ...

Clock-skew errors in time-interleaved (TI) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) importantly degrade the linearity of such converters. These nearly constant but unknown errors, which must not be ...