The decoupling lets the IT team multiplex physical resources among many virtual entities and customize resource abstraction as needed. For example, machine virtualization allows different operating ...

The idea of process abstraction is central to the design of any operating system (Fig. 1a). The operating system does not care about the internal details of the applications it is running, or what ...

The most common abstraction layer is the programming interface (API) between an application and the operating system. High-level calls are made to the operating system, which executes the ...