To understand COPD’s pathophysiology, it’s important to understand the structure of the lungs and how they work: When you inhale, air moves down your trachea and then through two tubes called ...

The current pathophysiology of COPD encompasses three main characteristics: emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airway disease. Macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in this process; thus ...

Five-year View . In a landmark meeting half a century ago, William Briscoe used the term COPD. Since then, the pathophysiology and treatment modalities of chronic bronchitis and emphysema filled ...