The layers, and what they represent, are as follows: Layer 7: Application. The Application Layer in the OSI model is the layer that is the “closest to the end user”.

The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994. It “provides a common basis for ...

First, and foremost, the OSI stack is just a theoretical reference model. There is no actual OSI software. It has been around since about 1980, and it is based upon recommendations from the ITU-T and ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works ...

As a matter of fact, when I started writing this post I titled it “Layer 4 of the OSI Model – understanding the application layer,” and then I had to go back and correct myself.