Scientists have acquired direct evidence of rare, pulsing pear-shaped structures within atomic nuclei of the rare-earth element Gadolinium, thanks to new research.

A classic example is smoke rings ... recently identified candidates for toroidal dipole excitations in the nucleus 58 Ni for ...

For example, how Talin-1 travels to the nucleus and whether sensing mechanical forces is required for its capacity to control gene expression. This discovery in basic cell biology has important ...

So in the helium example, there would be four protons and two electrons in the nucleus to yield a mass of 4 but a charge of only 2. Rutherford also put out the idea that there could be a particle ...