By probing the effects of relativistic influences, electron correlations and quantum electrodynamics, laser ionization spectroscopy provides a model‐independent means to measure nuclear spins ...

The periodic table’s arrangement also allows scientists to discern trends in element properties, including electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius. Many scientists worked on the ...

The study of ionisation dynamics in proton impact collisions addresses the fundamental processes by which proton beams interact with matter to remove electrons from atomic or molecular systems.