The linear voltage regulator IC (U1) converts VPOS to establish a logic-level power supply, VCC, at a fixed 3.3 V, to power an attached microcontroller or other interface circuit.

For example 3.3V TTL logic shares the 0.8V and 2V thresholds for logic 0 and logic 1 transitions with 5V TTL logic, so a 3.3V TTL output can drive a 5V TTL input without any extra hardware required.

These RS-232 outputs travel to the input lines (Pin 2) of the two monitoring computers. When one of the computers transmits on Pin 3 of its serial port, its output converts to TTL levels with IC 4.

Thus a 5V TTL input will detect logic levels from a 3.3V output while the CMOS version will not, and many an engineer including us has been caught by using the wrong chip to interface between ...

A logic probe can be designed in many different ways. In this particular design, a combination of discrete and TTL logic components is applied to test different logic levels. This logic tester can ...

The MCU runs firmware that converts the data from its serial/UART format to the CANbus protocol. The CANbus transceiver IC converts logic level signals from the PIC microcontroller’s CANbus interface ...