Internal operating voltages in electronic devices continue to decrease, but input-source voltages don't change. As the difference between input and output voltages increases, so does the improvement ...

Professor Hawking used an input device controlled by his cheek movements to choose the words he wanted to use. A special output device turned those words into electronic speech that people could hear.

Electrical devices like electric wires/ cables, resistors, etc. are passive i.e. they do not require a power supply for operation while Electronic components like valves, transistors, ICs, etc ...

1. Analyzing the limitations of difference amplifiers helps in understanding why it isn’t easy to make an INA out of a handful of op amps. First, consider input impedance.