This paper investigates deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the assessment of defects in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) and high-performance mc-Si wafers for solar cell production based on ...

Using ex situ and Ar-atmosphere Raman spectroscopy, we detected a rapid increase in graphene defect level for small increments in the number of lithiation/delithiation cycles until the I (D) / I (G) ...

From this diagram, we can estimate the concentration of defect X in charge state q (CX,q) at a certain temperature T. Since CX,q, as well as the concentrations of free holes and electrons (p and n), ...