The researchers are calling their cross-protocol attacks ALPACA, short for "application layer protocols allowing cross-protocol attacks." At the moment, ALPACA doesn't pose a major threat to most ...

As application layer protocols, they are of the same order as HTTP, FTP, POP, and SMTP, for example. NFS, SMB and CIFS are generally used with NAS file access storage systems, not SAN block ...

The TCP/IP model (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) serves as the backbone of modern networking, defining how data is transmitted across interconnected networks. It consists of four ...

As the Fat Protocol thesis posits, value in blockchains would mostly accumulate at the base protocol layer rather than the application layer. For a while, this seemed to be true. 589 Total views ...

A new denial-of-service attack dubbed 'Loop DoS' targeting application layer protocols can pair network services into an indefinite communication loop that creates large volumes of traffic.

Skate is backed by leading founders in web3, including EigenLayer, Polygon, Manta, Axelar, Pendle, A41 and Galxe, supporting its vision to make web3 efficient for a modular future by solving ...

The Internet Protocol layer is comparable to layer 3 in the OSI model. The host-to-host layer is equivalent to OSI layer 4. These are the TCP and UDP (user datagram protocol) functions.