Step 2: Sampling and Quantization. Sampling: sample the analog signal at a frequency f s at or above the Nyquist rate; x (n) = x (n T s) for n = 0, 1, 2, ⋯, N (1) where: T s = 1 f s is the sampling ...

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Abstract: The effects of sampling and quantization on frequency estimation for a single sinusoid are investigated. The Cramer-Rao bound for 1-bit quantization is derived and compared with the limit of ...

The fault-tolerant control problem is investigated for a class of networked batch processes with actuator faults and external disturbances. A two-dimensional Fornasini-Marchesini (2D-FM) system with ...

Sampling & Quantization or, Digitization of Audio signals. The conversion process starts with analog to digital conversion (ADC). The process of ADC must accomplish two tasks i.e., sampling and ...