For organizations investing in AI agents today, interoperability is going to matter more with each passing quarter.

Hence, security and privacy are the dominant concerns. Therefore, a strong privacy protection authentication protocol is desired. Very recently, Cheng et al. proposed a cloud-based authentication ...

In this study, we have designed a new system called AKAP-IoV, which supports secure communication, mutual authentication, and key management among vehicles, roadside units, and fog and cloud servers.