Indirect costs increased with asthma severity and number of attacks but were found to be lower in older children. Conclusions Paediatric asthma imparts a significant economic burden on the health ...

It is widely acknowledged that drivers should remain in the control loop before automated vehicles completely meet real-world operational conditions. This paper presents an “indirect shared control” ...

This paper presents an indirect solution method for state-constrained optimal control problems to address the long-standing issue of discontinuous control and costate under state constraints. It is ...

The COVID-19 pandemic yielded indirect increases in disease burden for specific causes, including mental health disorders.