A sneeze. Ocean currents. Smoke. What do these have in common? They're instances of turbulence: unpredictable, chaotic, ...

Such pattern transitions can significantly influence macroscopic flow stability and are thus critical for understanding plasma confinement and transport processes.

Turbulent flow while proceeding in a particular direction, like laminar flow, has the added complexity of random velocity fluctuations. The flow patterns never repeat themselves.

The dappled starlight and swirling clouds of Vincent van Gogh’s “The Starry Night” are thought to reflect the artist’s tumultuous state of mind when he painted the work in 1889.

Turbulence, the oldest unsolved problem in physics The flow of water through a pipe is still in many ways an unsolved problem.

More information: Shumpei Hara et al, Inertia-viscoelastic meandering motion in a backward-facing step flow, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (2025).

A new study suggests Vincent van Gogh showed a deep, intuitive understanding of the mathematical structure of turbulence in his painting “The Starry Night.” ...