Objective Calcium metabolism has long been implicated in aortic stenosis (AS). Studies assessing the long-term safety of oral calcium and/or vitamin D in AS are scarce yet imperative given the rising ...

Concurrent conditions such as cerebrovascular stenosis and coronary artery disease pose significant challenges for patients. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP)-based health education models offer ...

Aortic stenosis (AS) has become the most frequent valvar heart disease and the most frequent cardiovascular disease after hypertension and coronary artery disease in Europe and North America. It ...

Aortic valve stenosis is the most prevalent heart valve disease worldwide. Although interventional treatment options have rapidly improved in recent years, symptomatic aortic valve stenosis is still ...

Background Patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) are prone to stroke recurrence despite aggressive medical treatment. Further assessment of the anatomy and physiology of ICAS is ...

Atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis is relatively frequent in older patients and is a major cause of disabling stroke or death. Carotid endarterectomy is currently considered the standard of ...

In asymptomatic patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis, the survival is similar to age-matched controls. [1,16] The mainstay of medical treatment for these patients is simply appropriate ...