Objective Calcium metabolism has long been implicated in aortic stenosis (AS). Studies assessing the long-term safety of oral calcium and/or vitamin D in AS are scarce yet imperative given the rising ...

Concurrent conditions such as cerebrovascular stenosis and coronary artery disease pose significant challenges for patients. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP)-based health education models offer ...

Aortic stenosis (AS) has become the most frequent valvar heart disease and the most frequent cardiovascular disease after hypertension and coronary artery disease in Europe and North America. It ...