Spiral wound heat exchangers are the core equipment for natural gas liquefaction. Their heat transfer performance significantly affects the liquefaction process. This research investigates how varying ...

Energy losses – Scale build-up and leaks reduce the effectiveness of the system’s heat transfer capability.Even a thin layer of scale can reduce heat transfer by 3 to 6 percent, costing thousands of ...

CONCLUSION. Two-phase flow through a 1-2 pass shell and tube exchanger using a water-diesel system was studied. The correlations between X, Φ L and χ tt 2 will be useful for predicting two-phase heat ...

The best plan is to build heat exchanger maintenance routines into the larger maintenance plan, such that when other process equipment is down for maintenance, the heat exchanger can be maintained.

The maximum tube area that can be accommodated in a single shell can be gauged from an exchanger using 3/4 OD tubes, 9 m long, in a shell of 1.5 m diameter having a tube surface area of 1,580 m 2. For ...

2.1.2 Flow and heat transfer model of tube side. For the complex boiling two-phase flow heat transfer phenomena in tube side of OTSG, a 1D system code with two fluid model named LOCUST is used for ...

#2 Shell and tube heat exchangers. The shell and tube heat exchanger is the most common type for high-temperature and high-pressure industrial applications. It features a series of tubes packed within ...

Some simple examples of shell and tube heat exchangers include boilers, which heat water via tubes that contain combusted materials. Another includes a chiller that uses chilled refrigerant to ...

Figure 4 illustrates a steam-heated shell and tube heat exchanger. Cold process fluid enters on ... the tubes. Those gases must be vented. The diagram shows this process as a thermistor-type vent.