the first graph is a four-level tree with a fanout of n = 1. It has only four nodes, starting with the (red) root node, traversing the (burgundy) internal and (blue) twig nodes and ending with the ...

There are two hashes remaining, and these are hashed into the final hash, the Merkle root. Effectively, you get an upside-down binary tree, with each node of the tree connecting to only two nodes ...

But, how do you identify a Merkle tree? Leaf nodes, non-leaf nodes and the Merkle root are the three essential parts of a Merkle tree in the context of blockchains. Transaction hashes or ...