Here, we chart the evolution of the science of optical refrigeration in rare-earth-doped solids and semiconductors from its origins through to the present day. There are several factors that limit ...

Excalidraw is an innovative online whiteboarding tool that uses the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to convert simple text prompts into detailed, professional-quality diagrams. Whether you ...

While Venn diagrams may not have solved any long-standing open problems, surely these interlocking rings deserve more credit. Their compact representation of group relationships explains their ...