Complex random vectors are usually described by their covariance matrix. This is insufficient for a complete description of second-order statistics, and another matrix called the relation matrix is ...

The distribution function of a sum of lognormal random variables (RVs) appears in several communication problems. Approximations are usually used for such distribution as no closed form nor bounds ...

Coming up with an equation that describes the parameters’ probability distribution is not that difficult, Reilly says. The challenge arises in making use of it. In theory, she could calculate the area ...

This routine practice is quite useful in the reporting of trial results in which the random variables under study possess a normal distribution. In fact, the mean and the SD, in conjunction with ...

On May 22, Bitcoin (CRYPTO: BTC) hit a new all-time high of $112,000. For many crypto investors, that's a clear signal that it is about to go parabolic in the second half of 2025. However, other ...