This is a very cool electronic project to control dc loads using a very cheap and reliable design. This video also explains ...

(See Fig. 1.) Microcontrollers and DSPs often incorporate such PWM conversion circuits as on-chip peripherals to drive electromechanical components like brakes and motors.

Despite having access to an oscilloscope, [Brian] aka [schoolie] has come up with his own method for measuring PWM period and duty cycle without a scope, just in case there’s ever a PWM emergency!

Because it uses only six components, this circuit can be very cost effective. The LM431 can be purchased for as low as 10 cents in single-unit quantities, well below that of any op amp. Editor’s ...

The most common type of power supply today is the switching supply. These units use pulse-width modulation (PWM) to regulate output. Supplies today employ several different PWM circuit configurations.

Looking at the circuit diagram, the "+12V" and "0V" terminals connect to the respective connections on the PSU Molex connector. The "FAN+" and "FAN-" connect to the corresponding +v and -v ...

Figure 2. Typical Feedback Circuit with Optocoupler Primary/Secondary Isolation Components R1, R2, C1, R3, C2, R4 and R5 were chosen during the loop analysis stage of the design to satisfy the control ...

To convert from analog to digital, the analog signal first is sampled at a carrier frequency. For a given sample period, the area under the analog signal equals the area under the PWM pulse. The key ...