CNT-based PTL circuits. A popular and widely used alternative to the conventional CMOS logic configuration is the PTL configuration, which can significantly reduce the number of transistors ...

For circuit designs that use complementarybipolar transistors,you sometimes need to sort the NPNand PNP transistors to have matchingdc-current gains (β). One example of acircuit requiring matching is ...

In the simple circuit shown in Figure 9.9 (the case shown is for an NPN transistor, but a virtually identical circuit, but with negative supply rails, could be made with a similar PNP transistor), the ...