[Ben Krasnow] put together a tutorial in which he does an excellent job of explaining the ins and outs of designing transistor control circuits ... between NPN and PNP transistors, and the ...

Bootstrap circuits are very common ... and to cause the least power dissipation. But how do you get from the logic-level PWM control waveform to what the gate needs to switch correctly?

However, ensuring these advantages are maintained for integrated circuits is a challenge ... via a doping-free approach and with a single power supply at voltages as low as 0.4 V.

The circuit is a sensitive preamplifier using an N-Channel FET and a PNP transistor. This combination gives high input impedance and low output impedance with stabilized gain. Any general purpose PNP ...