This paper explains the 2 popular reference models: OSI reference model and TCP/IP model, by comparing the functionality of each layer in both models. Subscribe to the Developer Insider Newsletter ...

TCP/IP also is a layered protocol but does not use all of the OSI layers, though the layers are equivalent in operation and function (Fig. 2). The network access layer is equivalent to OSI layers ...

Because we work so much with TCP/IP nowadays, even though TCP/IP is a layer 4 stack I sometimes find myself thinking of it as the application layer. Maybe it’s because I tend to associate ...