A new AI model learns to "think" longer on hard problems, achieving more robust reasoning and better generalization to novel, unseen tasks.

The method is applied to a geometry optimization of the K-Ras protein–ligand complex (4Q03) using two domain definitions, and the optimized structures are consistent with experiment. Pair interaction ...

Classical gradient-based density topology optimization is adapted for method-of-moments numerical modeling to design a conductor-based system attaining the minimal antenna Q-factor evaluated via an ...

Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is often used in econometric and other statistical models despite its computational considerations and because of its strong theoretical appeal. The non-linear ...

Some computable schemes for descent methods without line search are proposed. Convergence properties are presented. Numerical experiments concerning large scale unconstrained minimization problems are ...

The structural and toxicological diversity of aquatic pollutants presents significant challenges for applying in vitro bioassays to water toxicity assessment. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the ...