These processes feature optimized vertically integrated bipolar junction transistors (PNPs) along with high performance NPN transistors with polycrystalline silicon emitters, low parasitic ...

The impact of CMOS technology scaling on the various radio frequency (RF) circuit components such as active, passive and digital circuits is presented. Firstly, the impact of technology scaling on the ...

Explains the principles of transistor switching circuits, highlighting their role in electronic computers. It contrasts transistors with vacuum tubes, emphasizing that transistors function as ...

A new technical paper titled “Accelerating OTA Circuit Design: Transistor Sizing Based on a Transformer Model and Precomputed Lookup Tables” was published by University Minnesota and Cadence. Abstract ...

Here’s a blast from the past as we reprint our news from NYC’s 1961 IRE show—the first integrated logic circuits in TO-5 and TO-18 cans are being announced.

This transistor bias circuit is designed to set the correct operating point of the 2N2222 NPN transistor halfway between 0 V and VCC, so that its amplification is balanced and, theoretically, without ...

Figure 2. These LDO examples show how to use (a) low VCEsat NPN-BJT and (b) VCEsat PNP-BJT as pass transistors. Device matching is still relevant In many electronic circuits, the exact values of BJT ...

Depending on the circuit design, the sensor normally outputs pulses via an open collector, NPN transistor. Optical sensor-based pulse outputs are generally used where magnetic based devices are not ...

Transistors act as the building blocks for many circuits and devices, permitting devices to amplify and switch electronic signals. Transistors come in different types, with the PNP and NPN transistor ...

In the early days, PNP bipolar transistors were common, but the bulk of circuits you see today use NPN transistors. As [Aaron Danner] points out, many people think PNP transistors are “backward ...

The voltage on the emitter of the PNP transistor in this oscillator circuit is a good sawtooth (but do not load it much as it is at a high impedance). Also, the current out at the emitter of the NPN ...