Newton–Raphson iteration was used to update the shape parameter η. Woods (2008) extended this approach to estimate an RC-IRT model for the three-parameter logistic (3PL; Birnbaum, 1968 ) model.

Searching similar graphs in graph databases for a query graph has attracted extensive attention recently. However, existing works face many challenges in the context of big data. For example, the time ...

An electromagnetic inverse scattering approach for imaging of shallow subsurface objects is reported. It extends to multifrequency processing, an efficient method previously developed for single ...