The process of folding proteins into their tertiary structures is spontaneous and involves bonds and intermolecular forces to make the structure stable, which are described below. Disulfide bonds ...

The alkanes are a homologous series with a structure based on a carbon chain - each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds The intermolecular forces vary between molecules, so different organic ...

As the field of surface science and nanotechnology continues to advance, the Surface Force Apparatus will remain an indispensable tool for unraveling the mysteries of intermolecular forces and ...

Experimental evidence of long-range attractive forces between cellular proteins has been obtained by researchers in France more than 50 years after the idea was first proposed. The forces are mediated ...