We have developed a hidden Markov model and optimization procedure for photon-based single-molecule FRET data, which takes into account the trace-dependent background intensities. This analysis ...

We present a simple and efficient feature modeling approach for tracking the pitch of two simultaneously active speakers. We model the spectrogram features of single speakers using Gaussian mixture ...

Abstract: The Baum-Welch algorithm together with its derivatives and variations has been the main technique for learning hidden Markov models (HMMs) from observational data. We present an HMM learning ...

Several studies have applied the hidden Markov model (HMM) in multimode process monitoring. However, because the inherent duration probability density of HMM is exponential, which is inappropriate for ...