Transformers, opto-isolators, and other types of isolators, are often used here. As stated earlier, “Chassis” ground is a safety-only feature and has no role in the electronic function of the circuits ...

because these circuits are predominantly called upon when a ground fault occurs. Following is an overview of essential areas related to bonding and grounding single, solidly grounded, 480V – 208Y/120V ...

Perhaps the greatest single cause of problems in electronic circuits is that 0 V and ground ... for instance by using a toroidal transformer. Coming up in Part 2: Power supply returns & I/O signal ...