On average, the turnover rate of phytoplankton is 10 to 1000 times faster than that of grasslands and forests ... food chain is dominant (Smith & Smith 2009). In deep-water aquatic ecosystems ...

In crisis situations, forests become an economic and food lifeline, providing up to 20% of family income in rural areas, guaranteeing healthy diets. But these ecosystems are in danger. We lose 10 ...

Fire is a natural, vital component of most western forest ecosystems. In dry forest types like ponderosa pine, fire was historically present as a frequent, low-intensity disturbance. Fire is necessary ...

And if we look at this forest ecosystem ... This is then linked to the food chains and webs within the ecosystem. Ecosystems can come in all shapes and sizes, as small as a termite mound or ...