During the last months of the First Indochina War in 1954, French General Henri Navarre believed that he could get rid of the Viet Minh Communist guerrilla if he concentrated his forces at the ...

The war turned Vietnam’s lush landscapes into scorched earth. Entire provinces were reduced to rubble, waterways were polluted, forests decimated, and soil rendered infertile by chemicals ...

One of the most remarkable examples of the policy of reconciliation before the First Indochina War was the communist acceptance of the abdication of Bao Dai, the last emperor of Vietnam, and his ...