An astrophysicist says he has been able to rule out one theory that we are all actually living in some sort of simulation.

Scientists and philosophers meet at the bleeding edge of simulation theory ... closed system of sentient artificial intelligences, for example—the entire Kipping calculation is voided.

All such effects are ultimately grounded in mathematics, which provides a critical translation from the physical world to computer simulations ... needed to, for example, simulate a firestorm ...

Simulating those plasmas can be challenging, however, because millions of math ... the simulation, the more accurate the distribution functions it provides. These measures show, for example ...