This paper investigates deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the assessment of defects in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) and high-performance mc-Si wafers for solar cell production based on ...

This positive feedback loop continues until the defect concentration reaches a level where lithium diffusion through the graphene can occur in a relatively unimpeded manner, with minimal further ...

The efficiency of solar-to-energy conversion in semiconductors is limited by charge carrier recombination, often via defect-induced gap states. Although some materials exhibit an intrinsic defect ...