I did learn a lot about op amp circuits and control systems, though, which are still valuable today. Infinite gain (A v) and infinite bandwidth Zero output impedance Infinite input impedance (zero ...

With the balanced-design technique, op-amp circuit design becomes simple, and you are no longer constrained to existing op-amp circuits. If you are using multiple op amps to implement a linear ...

Bipolar transistors amplify current ... design optimization in mind. However, let’s look at the power for Q1 for a moment. The power in the transistor is like most things related to circuits.

The classic low-current technique is the “up-in-the-air ... As was mentioned in the beginning of the article, designing successful circuits at sub-picoamp levels requires different design practices ...