We do so by formalizing the similarities between popular counterfactual explanation and adversarial example generation methods identifying conditions when they are equivalent. We then derive the upper ...

Counterfactual thinking is the process of imagining how an event could have turned out differently (for example: "If Oswald didn’t kill Kennedy, someone else would have").

In this essay, a new counterfactual explanation method is developed to provide explanations for misclassified cases made by black-box models. The proposed method takes a counterfactual explanation ...