A system is developed for the absolute calibration of digital energy meters with IEC 61850-9-2 Sampled Value inputs. The meter under test is subjected to a stre ...

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the measure of oxygen gas that is physically dissolved in water. It is a critical parameter for ...

pH meter (Seven Multi with a Hamilton BioTrode probe; Mettler Toledo) was calibrated at 24 °C, 31 °C, and 36 °C by using solutions of high-precision calibration buffers at pH 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 ...

While the calibration curve is reliable within the 2–12 pH range, it becomes nonlinear beyond this range, leading to inaccuracies at extreme pH levels. Earlier calculations showed greater ...