Objectives Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (CSMT) and lumbar discectomy are both used for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR); however, limited research has ...

In fact, as with other HNPs, the patient can be totally asymptomatic with a central HNP, have back pain only, and have unilateral or bilateral radiculopathy without weakness or sphincter dysfunction.