Mohapatra added that India is poised to lead in application-layer AI precisely because of its established capabilities.

The TCP/IP model (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) serves as the backbone of modern networking, defining how data is transmitted across interconnected networks. It consists of four ...

Session Layer (5th Layer): Manages communication between applications and the transport layer, handling the transfer of data from the application layer. Presentation Layer (6th Layer): Ensures that ...

The layers, and what they represent, are as follows: Layer 7: Application. The Application Layer in the OSI model is the layer that is the “closest to the end user”.

The application layer with TCP/IP providing functions in the transport and Internet layers to enable utility management of the end user energy environment, including demand response, load control, ...

The OSI protocol stack was later adapted into the TCP/IP stack. In some networks, protocols are still popular using only the data link and network layers of the OSI model. Techopedia Explains OSI ...