Two-dimensional echocardiography can demonstrate a thickened aortic valve ... The formal criteria for each stage consider valve anatomy, hemodynamics, changes in the left ventricle and vasculature ...

Over the past few decades, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has evolved from one-dimensional imaging using a probe with a single-crystal, M-mode transducer to two-dimensional ima ...

University of Florida Health. Aorta anatomy. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Harvard Health Medicine. Shining a light on thoracic aortic disease. Lech C, Swaminathan A. Abdominal ...